Diseases and causes have been mentioned in the classical texts of
Charaka,
Susruta and
Vagbhata and also in Sarangadhara’s compendium.
Madhava Nidana is a well known book on diagnosis. Other books which deal with diseases and health are Chakradata and Bhaishajya - Ratnavali.
Ayurvedic aetiology divides diseases broadly into two : Sarira (physical) and Manasa (Mental).
According to Charaka, the essentials for diagnosing a disease are Pratyaksha (perception), Anumana (inference) and Aptopadesa (authoritative instructions from classical texts).